Bystander Effect Essay - 1637 Words

Bystander or Bodyguard: An Examination of Who Helps and Who Does Not A bystander, according to Michael Webster’s New World College Dictionary, is an individual who is present in a given situation, but is not involved (Agnes, 2001). The word bystander does not always have a negative connotation, but in the case of bullying or an emergency situation, it does. In either scenario, a bystander is not helping in a time of crisis and this can have many negative outcomes. Many factors play a role in remaining passive and not engaging in prosocial behavior (Evans Smokowski, 2015). One of these factors is the well-known phenomenon known as the bystander effect. According to this theory, bystanders do not take action if there are other bystanders†¦show more content†¦The sad truth about bullying, is that although people express opinions of distaste for bullying, most people do not engage in helping behavior and intercede in the situation where this is occurring (Cowie, 2014). A study conducted by Atlas and Pepler (1998) showed how accurate this fact is. 60 scenarios of bullying involving elementary school children were videotaped. The results found that in only 10% of the scenarios a bystander engaged in prosocial behavior and helped the victim, which is a shockingly low percentage. Many other cases have revealed similar results regarding defenders in bullying situations (Evans Smokowski, 2015). Bullying, although accomplished by only one individual, is considered to be a social situation, that is greatly influenced by others present. The presence of individuals, especially peers, increases the likelihood of bullying reoccurring. Passivity in bystanders actually contributes to the bullying behavior because it is reinforcing and reassuring to the bully to see no one acting to stop them, thereby condoning the behavior. This reduces any feelings of discomfort that the bully would otherwise face if his behavior was not being condoned (Howard, et al., 2014). The Bystander Effect The bystander effect has been studied in depth, beginning in the early 1960s. In the social psychology field, this phenomenon has been especially prevalent. The murder of Catherine Susan (Kitty) Genovese, was theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Bystander Effect1079 Words   |  5 PagesBystander effect, (Darley Latane, 1970) refers to decrease in helping response when there are bystanders around relative to no bystanders. Referring to previous study stating that there are some cases of which group size may promote helping instead of hindering it (Fischer et al., 2011). Researchers then speculate the possibility of positive influences from bystanders by taking public self-awareness into consideration. Researchers proposed that high public self-awareness would reverse the bystanderRead MoreBystander Effect Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bystander Effect is a controversial theory given to social phenomenon where the more potential bystanders there are, the less likel y any individual is to help in emergency situations. A traditional explanation for the cause of the Bystander Effect is that responsibility diffuses across the multiple bystanders, diluting the responsibility of each. (Kyle et al.) The Bystander effect, also known as the Genovese Syndrome, was named after the infamous murder of â€Å"Kitty† Catherine Genovese in 1964,Read MoreBystander Effect Essay1389 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bystander Effect The Bystander effect is a controversial theory given to social phenomenon where the more potential helpers there are, the less likely any individual is to help. A traditional explanation for this Bystander Effect is that responsibility diffuses across the multiple bystanders, diluting the responsibility of each. (Kyle et al.) The Bystander effect, also known as the Genovese Syndrome, was created after the infamous murder of â€Å"Kitty† Catherine Genovese in 1964, on the streets ofRead MoreEssay about The Bystander Effect1791 Words   |  8 Pages‘The Bystander Effect’ Lily is thirteen years old and tall for her age. One afternoon, she confronts a suspicious looking stranger near a young girl playing in the local park. The stranger takes to his heels when Lily challenges him. Lily’s bravery is the talk of the neighbourhood. On learning of this, a student who is studying social psychology makes the comment: It’s just as well that Lily’s usual playmates were not around or that little girl might not have received any help. (Vaughan andRead MoreEssay The Bystander Effect2567 Words   |  11 Pagessuch as; ignoring an old lady who slipped and fell down in the middle of the road, avoiding helping an old man to pick up his change that fell out of his pocket, disregarding the school fight between the two students, etc. The main purpose of this essay is to explain why and under what conditions some people are more likely to get involved then others. It accomplishes that by looking at the two opposite but related events in which people have a choice of whether or not to interfere, then it triesRead MoreThe bystander effect Essay1223 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinitive example of the bystander effect, the social phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to help someone in distress if there are other people present. The bystander effect occurs wherever there is a situation that is ambiguous, or where a lack of action can be rationalized by a diffusion of responsibility in a large group, or where the presence of others presents a significant risk to the bystander such that he or she is afraid to provide help. The bystander effect results from peopleRead MoreBystander Effect Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesLatane’s, â€Å"Bystander Intervention in Emergencies: Diffusion of Responsibility.† They conducted this study to figure out how would people react in various group sizes in an emergency situation. As well as which one those individuals in different size groups would go and call for help. The concept of this was taken from the famous case of Kitty Genovese, who was stabbed to death multiple times and finally was killed in her own neighborhood and no one intervened. This is known to be the bystander effect. HoweverRead MoreThe Bystander Effect Essays1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bystander Effect Psy 110 - Asynchronous The Bystander Effect If you saw someone being attacked on the street, would you help? Many of us would quickly say yes we would help because to state the opposite would say that we are evil human beings. Much research has been done on why people choose to help and why others choose not to. The bystander effect states that the more bystanders present, the less likely it is for someone to help. SometimesRead MoreBystander Effect Theory Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesThe Bystander Effect Theory Have you seen a group of children bullying or pushing around another child? Did you stand by and watch the situation and not intervene? If so, even with such a minor situation, you fell into the bystander effect theory. The bystander effect happens every day in our lives and dates all the way back to the Holocaust and even further back in history. The bystander effect theory is a psychological phenomenon were people do not help others in emergency situations whenRead MoreEssay on The Bystander Effect: How Big Is to Big of a Group?944 Words   |  4 Pagesbusy street of Manhattan, Katie becomes light headed passing out; although she is in a large group of people, no one stops to help. This phenomenon is called the â€Å"bystander effect.† A bystander is often anyone who passed by, witnessed, or even participated in a certain situation (Polanin, Espelage Pigott, 2012). The bystander effect is the idea that the larger the group, the less likely an individual is to be helped. The likelihood of someone getting helped is inversely compared to the number of

False Hope Free Essays

Have you ever tried making yourself believe of the things that weren’t actually real? Well, if you did, then that was a normal thing experienced by others, experienced by you and experienced by me. False-hope. That was the right term to be used for those people who are keep on holding on to promises which they thought it will happen soon, tomorrow, the next day until the next-next-next days and ever. We will write a custom essay sample on False Hope or any similar topic only for you Order Now False-hope is a vague incidence. It was an untrue declaration of testimony uttered by those people who are good of making promises yet can’t stand for it. Promises. Promises and false-hope are then supplementary to each other. Because if there are no promises that has been said, then there will be no someone who will continuously keep an eye for such pledges. There will be no someone who will keep on waiting for unclear tomorrows. And there will be no someone who’ll just be an innocent believer of all of those promises. Well, the very purpose why I wrote this article is to express my thoughts of believing so many things which are then things that were set to be forgotten. I myself is amenable that I’ve always been a victim of this uncertain thing. But then, I just accepted those things . And so, I’ve come to a point of putting this into this piece of writing. Actually, I’m not feeling bad due to failed promises of so many people surround me. I just wrote this because I do believe that I’m not the only one who had experienced such thing. For a broader perspective, it’s not intentional. It happens because others didn’t want their belongings to directly lose their hope. It happens because they also thought that they could provide the things they promised to give yet after times of reaching to make it possible, still they won’t be able to do so. Sometimes, people didn’t intend to bring false-hope. It’s just that their capacity to fulfill their promises was not enough. But then, on the other hand, some tend to do this just to let other hope for nothing. Just like for example, a courtship between a lady and a gentleman. There are many times where guys had expected their dreamed girls to give them their awaited-yes answer. They’ve tried so hard to prove them they’re deserving. Yet at the end, they’ll end up disappointed. At home, I know we’ve been encountering this one often times. You might got excited because you’ll be going out somewhere with your family but it will just be postponed due to so many reasons either valid or invalid reasons. You might expect something from someone but expectations will just fail. There are still so many instances where false-hope was its ending application. And this is actually normal as I said on the first part. And I guess, there is only one certain thing we must do in order not to be a victim of this over and over again. Don’t believe too much. I didn’t mean of losing your trust to someone or to be a negative thinker. What I mean is don’t be 100% sure of the things being promised to you. Just expect for both sides. Just think that it might happen and it might not. Because the more that you expect the more that it will bring you failures. ‘Though we must always expect for the best but as I said we have to expect for both side. Well, I’ll end up saying â€Å"Any man can make mistakes, but only an idiot persists in his error. † By Cicero. Thanks for reading anyway. How to cite False Hope, Papers

Customizing Quality Management Practices †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Customizing Quality Management Practices. Answer: Introduction: Quality is the major criteria for any organisation as it determines the performance of the organisation. However, quality management is a recent term, which is done by the organisations in order to enhance its popularity and brand value, increase the work efficiency and profit and protect against threats. The report focuses on how quality management factors can be applied to a project. Project can be defined as a set of task interrelated with each other to develop precise products and distinctive services. Quality management is one of the eight main processes that constitute a project. The purpose of the project is to discuss the application of quality management in project management. There are very less number of empirical researches that can establish a relationship between quality and project management. Among those the data that has been collected from Israel is used for discussion with help of concepts of quality management. A conceptual explanation of usage of different tools for managing in project management forms a bridge between these two. This incorporates two important factors- holistic use of components of QM and area-specific application of QM theories (Barad Raz, 2000). 12 different QM components have been identified for holistic usage. Some of them are- commitment of management, benchmarking, design and supplier QM and others (Chartier et al., 2017). In accordance with the data obtained from the inter-relationship of these components some results are found, which are-product quality is affected by holistic application of these OM practices which can be proved by employee strength and customer focus, training and involvement of employee are correlated with these QM components proving people as a key element, few components are correlated with each other like commitment of management, customer focus, supplier QM , good management commitment is insufficient condition to achieve superior product quality (Marcelino-Sdaba et al., 2014). Application QM in projects is actually adapting the QM practices for specific area (Sallis, 2014). Data is gathered from several industries like machinery, electronics as well as service industries. In this case, the component leadership has direct effect on team and training, whereas operational result is influenced by information and management of supplier. The two factors have many similarities with respect to QM components. Benchmarking, training are some common components, whereas commitment of management is similar to leadership. Information component is the only exception, which is not common to both studies (Barad Raz, 2000). From the perspective of operational results, some experts who had investigated manufacturing area, emphasized on product quality, whereas other experts who had investigated logistics area emphasized cost performance of logistics, order cycle time and efficiency of transactions. Application of QM in project management: According to the survey in 1998, the association of QM practices in project management and its efficiency is clearly viewed by comparing project management outcomes with perceived contribution of practices. A project success depends on simulation, brainstorming and subcontractor management mainly and on cause and effect analyses and training programs minutely (Burke, 2013). Collection of project management practices is the result of the concept of holistic usage of QM practices and can be divided into three clusters. The largest cluster is associated with the processing core of project management. Benchmarking, process planning, customer focus are the QM practices which mainly influences this sectors whereas internal information and process control has the less impact (Sallis, 2014). The next cluster contains different background practices which involves QM components commitment of management and training. The last cluster is related to domain of solutions of problems, which is done by analysis of process control and project planning. Influence of quality management components affects performance level and operational outcomes of project management (Marcelino-Sdaba et al., 2014). Frequent plan changes, emergency meetings and ratio of invested effort to required effort are the process performance characteristics whereas customer satisfaction, product quality measures in absence of errors are operational outcomes. These outcome variables determine the quality of the project management. Performance of a project management process is improved on the basis of training (Zhang, Linderman Schroeder, 2014). The low ranked outcomes like process stability and product quality can be improved by QM components plan stability and supplier management. High ranked outcome like customer satisfaction is linked with QM components like customer focus and usage of internal information. Recommendations: Analysing various application of Quality Management factors in Project Management some recommendations can be made like- improvement of process control will improve process stability, training improvement and human resource development will enhance the quality of the project and commitment in management will improve customer focus. Conclusion: Therefore, the report concludes that from a general viewpoint, application of different Quality Management components in Project Management determines the quality of the project. Training, supplier management and benchmarking are the major important application of QM components. The outcome variables of different practices indicate the areas where improvement is required for project management. References: Barad, M., Raz, T. (2000). Contribution of quality management tools and practices to project management performance.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,17(4/5), 571-583. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Chartier, L. B., Cheng, A. H., Stang, A. S., Vaillancourt, S. (2017). Quality improvement primer part 1: Preparing for a quality improvement project in the emergency department.Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 1-8. Marcelino-Sdaba, S., Prez-Ezcurdia, A., Lazcano, A. M. E., Villanueva, P. (2014). Project risk management methodology for small firms.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), 327-340. Sallis, E. (2014).Total quality management in education. Routledge. Zhang, D., Linderman, K., Schroeder, R. G. (2014). Customizing quality management practices: a conceptual and measurement framework.Decision sciences,45(1), 81-114.