Bystander Effect Essay - 1637 Words

Bystander or Bodyguard: An Examination of Who Helps and Who Does Not A bystander, according to Michael Webster’s New World College Dictionary, is an individual who is present in a given situation, but is not involved (Agnes, 2001). The word bystander does not always have a negative connotation, but in the case of bullying or an emergency situation, it does. In either scenario, a bystander is not helping in a time of crisis and this can have many negative outcomes. Many factors play a role in remaining passive and not engaging in prosocial behavior (Evans Smokowski, 2015). One of these factors is the well-known phenomenon known as the bystander effect. According to this theory, bystanders do not take action if there are other bystanders†¦show more content†¦The sad truth about bullying, is that although people express opinions of distaste for bullying, most people do not engage in helping behavior and intercede in the situation where this is occurring (Cowie, 2014). A study conducted by Atlas and Pepler (1998) showed how accurate this fact is. 60 scenarios of bullying involving elementary school children were videotaped. The results found that in only 10% of the scenarios a bystander engaged in prosocial behavior and helped the victim, which is a shockingly low percentage. Many other cases have revealed similar results regarding defenders in bullying situations (Evans Smokowski, 2015). Bullying, although accomplished by only one individual, is considered to be a social situation, that is greatly influenced by others present. The presence of individuals, especially peers, increases the likelihood of bullying reoccurring. Passivity in bystanders actually contributes to the bullying behavior because it is reinforcing and reassuring to the bully to see no one acting to stop them, thereby condoning the behavior. This reduces any feelings of discomfort that the bully would otherwise face if his behavior was not being condoned (Howard, et al., 2014). The Bystander Effect The bystander effect has been studied in depth, beginning in the early 1960s. In the social psychology field, this phenomenon has been especially prevalent. The murder of Catherine Susan (Kitty) Genovese, was theShow MoreRelatedEssay on Bystander Effect1079 Words   |  5 PagesBystander effect, (Darley Latane, 1970) refers to decrease in helping response when there are bystanders around relative to no bystanders. Referring to previous study stating that there are some cases of which group size may promote helping instead of hindering it (Fischer et al., 2011). Researchers then speculate the possibility of positive influences from bystanders by taking public self-awareness into consideration. Researchers proposed that high public self-awareness would reverse the bystanderRead MoreBystander Effect Essay1403 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bystander Effect is a controversial theory given to social phenomenon where the more potential bystanders there are, the less likel y any individual is to help in emergency situations. A traditional explanation for the cause of the Bystander Effect is that responsibility diffuses across the multiple bystanders, diluting the responsibility of each. (Kyle et al.) The Bystander effect, also known as the Genovese Syndrome, was named after the infamous murder of â€Å"Kitty† Catherine Genovese in 1964,Read MoreBystander Effect Essay1389 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bystander Effect The Bystander effect is a controversial theory given to social phenomenon where the more potential helpers there are, the less likely any individual is to help. A traditional explanation for this Bystander Effect is that responsibility diffuses across the multiple bystanders, diluting the responsibility of each. (Kyle et al.) The Bystander effect, also known as the Genovese Syndrome, was created after the infamous murder of â€Å"Kitty† Catherine Genovese in 1964, on the streets ofRead MoreEssay about The Bystander Effect1791 Words   |  8 Pages‘The Bystander Effect’ Lily is thirteen years old and tall for her age. One afternoon, she confronts a suspicious looking stranger near a young girl playing in the local park. The stranger takes to his heels when Lily challenges him. Lily’s bravery is the talk of the neighbourhood. On learning of this, a student who is studying social psychology makes the comment: It’s just as well that Lily’s usual playmates were not around or that little girl might not have received any help. (Vaughan andRead MoreEssay The Bystander Effect2567 Words   |  11 Pagessuch as; ignoring an old lady who slipped and fell down in the middle of the road, avoiding helping an old man to pick up his change that fell out of his pocket, disregarding the school fight between the two students, etc. The main purpose of this essay is to explain why and under what conditions some people are more likely to get involved then others. It accomplishes that by looking at the two opposite but related events in which people have a choice of whether or not to interfere, then it triesRead MoreThe bystander effect Essay1223 Words   |  5 Pagesdefinitive example of the bystander effect, the social phenomenon in which individuals are less likely to help someone in distress if there are other people present. The bystander effect occurs wherever there is a situation that is ambiguous, or where a lack of action can be rationalized by a diffusion of responsibility in a large group, or where the presence of others presents a significant risk to the bystander such that he or she is afraid to provide help. The bystander effect results from peopleRead MoreBystander Effect Essay1212 Words   |  5 PagesLatane’s, â€Å"Bystander Intervention in Emergencies: Diffusion of Responsibility.† They conducted this study to figure out how would people react in various group sizes in an emergency situation. As well as which one those individuals in different size groups would go and call for help. The concept of this was taken from the famous case of Kitty Genovese, who was stabbed to death multiple times and finally was killed in her own neighborhood and no one intervened. This is known to be the bystander effect. HoweverRead MoreThe Bystander Effect Essays1305 Words   |  6 PagesThe Bystander Effect Psy 110 - Asynchronous The Bystander Effect If you saw someone being attacked on the street, would you help? Many of us would quickly say yes we would help because to state the opposite would say that we are evil human beings. Much research has been done on why people choose to help and why others choose not to. The bystander effect states that the more bystanders present, the less likely it is for someone to help. SometimesRead MoreBystander Effect Theory Essay775 Words   |  4 PagesThe Bystander Effect Theory Have you seen a group of children bullying or pushing around another child? Did you stand by and watch the situation and not intervene? If so, even with such a minor situation, you fell into the bystander effect theory. The bystander effect happens every day in our lives and dates all the way back to the Holocaust and even further back in history. The bystander effect theory is a psychological phenomenon were people do not help others in emergency situations whenRead MoreEssay on The Bystander Effect: How Big Is to Big of a Group?944 Words   |  4 Pagesbusy street of Manhattan, Katie becomes light headed passing out; although she is in a large group of people, no one stops to help. This phenomenon is called the â€Å"bystander effect.† A bystander is often anyone who passed by, witnessed, or even participated in a certain situation (Polanin, Espelage Pigott, 2012). The bystander effect is the idea that the larger the group, the less likely an individual is to be helped. The likelihood of someone getting helped is inversely compared to the number of

False Hope Free Essays

Have you ever tried making yourself believe of the things that weren’t actually real? Well, if you did, then that was a normal thing experienced by others, experienced by you and experienced by me. False-hope. That was the right term to be used for those people who are keep on holding on to promises which they thought it will happen soon, tomorrow, the next day until the next-next-next days and ever. We will write a custom essay sample on False Hope or any similar topic only for you Order Now False-hope is a vague incidence. It was an untrue declaration of testimony uttered by those people who are good of making promises yet can’t stand for it. Promises. Promises and false-hope are then supplementary to each other. Because if there are no promises that has been said, then there will be no someone who will continuously keep an eye for such pledges. There will be no someone who will keep on waiting for unclear tomorrows. And there will be no someone who’ll just be an innocent believer of all of those promises. Well, the very purpose why I wrote this article is to express my thoughts of believing so many things which are then things that were set to be forgotten. I myself is amenable that I’ve always been a victim of this uncertain thing. But then, I just accepted those things . And so, I’ve come to a point of putting this into this piece of writing. Actually, I’m not feeling bad due to failed promises of so many people surround me. I just wrote this because I do believe that I’m not the only one who had experienced such thing. For a broader perspective, it’s not intentional. It happens because others didn’t want their belongings to directly lose their hope. It happens because they also thought that they could provide the things they promised to give yet after times of reaching to make it possible, still they won’t be able to do so. Sometimes, people didn’t intend to bring false-hope. It’s just that their capacity to fulfill their promises was not enough. But then, on the other hand, some tend to do this just to let other hope for nothing. Just like for example, a courtship between a lady and a gentleman. There are many times where guys had expected their dreamed girls to give them their awaited-yes answer. They’ve tried so hard to prove them they’re deserving. Yet at the end, they’ll end up disappointed. At home, I know we’ve been encountering this one often times. You might got excited because you’ll be going out somewhere with your family but it will just be postponed due to so many reasons either valid or invalid reasons. You might expect something from someone but expectations will just fail. There are still so many instances where false-hope was its ending application. And this is actually normal as I said on the first part. And I guess, there is only one certain thing we must do in order not to be a victim of this over and over again. Don’t believe too much. I didn’t mean of losing your trust to someone or to be a negative thinker. What I mean is don’t be 100% sure of the things being promised to you. Just expect for both sides. Just think that it might happen and it might not. Because the more that you expect the more that it will bring you failures. ‘Though we must always expect for the best but as I said we have to expect for both side. Well, I’ll end up saying â€Å"Any man can make mistakes, but only an idiot persists in his error. † By Cicero. Thanks for reading anyway. How to cite False Hope, Papers

Customizing Quality Management Practices †Free Samples to Students

Question: Discuss about the Customizing Quality Management Practices. Answer: Introduction: Quality is the major criteria for any organisation as it determines the performance of the organisation. However, quality management is a recent term, which is done by the organisations in order to enhance its popularity and brand value, increase the work efficiency and profit and protect against threats. The report focuses on how quality management factors can be applied to a project. Project can be defined as a set of task interrelated with each other to develop precise products and distinctive services. Quality management is one of the eight main processes that constitute a project. The purpose of the project is to discuss the application of quality management in project management. There are very less number of empirical researches that can establish a relationship between quality and project management. Among those the data that has been collected from Israel is used for discussion with help of concepts of quality management. A conceptual explanation of usage of different tools for managing in project management forms a bridge between these two. This incorporates two important factors- holistic use of components of QM and area-specific application of QM theories (Barad Raz, 2000). 12 different QM components have been identified for holistic usage. Some of them are- commitment of management, benchmarking, design and supplier QM and others (Chartier et al., 2017). In accordance with the data obtained from the inter-relationship of these components some results are found, which are-product quality is affected by holistic application of these OM practices which can be proved by employee strength and customer focus, training and involvement of employee are correlated with these QM components proving people as a key element, few components are correlated with each other like commitment of management, customer focus, supplier QM , good management commitment is insufficient condition to achieve superior product quality (Marcelino-Sdaba et al., 2014). Application QM in projects is actually adapting the QM practices for specific area (Sallis, 2014). Data is gathered from several industries like machinery, electronics as well as service industries. In this case, the component leadership has direct effect on team and training, whereas operational result is influenced by information and management of supplier. The two factors have many similarities with respect to QM components. Benchmarking, training are some common components, whereas commitment of management is similar to leadership. Information component is the only exception, which is not common to both studies (Barad Raz, 2000). From the perspective of operational results, some experts who had investigated manufacturing area, emphasized on product quality, whereas other experts who had investigated logistics area emphasized cost performance of logistics, order cycle time and efficiency of transactions. Application of QM in project management: According to the survey in 1998, the association of QM practices in project management and its efficiency is clearly viewed by comparing project management outcomes with perceived contribution of practices. A project success depends on simulation, brainstorming and subcontractor management mainly and on cause and effect analyses and training programs minutely (Burke, 2013). Collection of project management practices is the result of the concept of holistic usage of QM practices and can be divided into three clusters. The largest cluster is associated with the processing core of project management. Benchmarking, process planning, customer focus are the QM practices which mainly influences this sectors whereas internal information and process control has the less impact (Sallis, 2014). The next cluster contains different background practices which involves QM components commitment of management and training. The last cluster is related to domain of solutions of problems, which is done by analysis of process control and project planning. Influence of quality management components affects performance level and operational outcomes of project management (Marcelino-Sdaba et al., 2014). Frequent plan changes, emergency meetings and ratio of invested effort to required effort are the process performance characteristics whereas customer satisfaction, product quality measures in absence of errors are operational outcomes. These outcome variables determine the quality of the project management. Performance of a project management process is improved on the basis of training (Zhang, Linderman Schroeder, 2014). The low ranked outcomes like process stability and product quality can be improved by QM components plan stability and supplier management. High ranked outcome like customer satisfaction is linked with QM components like customer focus and usage of internal information. Recommendations: Analysing various application of Quality Management factors in Project Management some recommendations can be made like- improvement of process control will improve process stability, training improvement and human resource development will enhance the quality of the project and commitment in management will improve customer focus. Conclusion: Therefore, the report concludes that from a general viewpoint, application of different Quality Management components in Project Management determines the quality of the project. Training, supplier management and benchmarking are the major important application of QM components. The outcome variables of different practices indicate the areas where improvement is required for project management. References: Barad, M., Raz, T. (2000). Contribution of quality management tools and practices to project management performance.International Journal of Quality Reliability Management,17(4/5), 571-583. Burke, R. (2013). Project management: planning and control techniques.New Jersey, USA. Chartier, L. B., Cheng, A. H., Stang, A. S., Vaillancourt, S. (2017). Quality improvement primer part 1: Preparing for a quality improvement project in the emergency department.Canadian Journal of Emergency Medicine, 1-8. Marcelino-Sdaba, S., Prez-Ezcurdia, A., Lazcano, A. M. E., Villanueva, P. (2014). Project risk management methodology for small firms.International Journal of Project Management,32(2), 327-340. Sallis, E. (2014).Total quality management in education. Routledge. Zhang, D., Linderman, K., Schroeder, R. G. (2014). Customizing quality management practices: a conceptual and measurement framework.Decision sciences,45(1), 81-114.

The Career that interest me is being a doctor. Essay Example For Students

The Career that interest me is being a doctor. Essay In the 1994-1995 academic year the United States and Canada had 140 accredited 4-year medical colleges. That same year 43,029 men and 30,821 women were enrolled in these schools and 10,646 men and 7,009 women were graduated. Graduates, after a year of internship, receive licenses to practice if they pass an examination administered either by a state board or by the National Board of Medical Examiners. Physicians diagnose diseases and injuries, administer treatment, and advise patients on good diet and other ways to stay healthy. The United States has two kinds of physicians, the Doctor of Medicine (MD) and the Doctor of Osteopathy (DO). Both use medicines, surgery, and other standard methods of treating disease. DOs place special emphasis on problems involving the musculoskeletal system, which includes muscles, ligaments, bones, and joints. Patients receive medical care from primary care doctors and specialists. Primary care doctors include general practitioners, family physicians, general internists, and general pediatricians. Many women also use obstetricians-gynecologists as primary care doctors. Patients usually consult a primary care doctor when they first become ill or injured. Primary care physicians can treat most common disorders, and provide comprehensive, lifelong care for individuals and families. We will write a custom essay on The Career that interest me is being a doctor. specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now But medical knowledge has advanced so far that no physician can master an entire field of medicine. Primary care doctors may refer patients with unusually complicated problems to specialists with advanced training in a particular disease or field of medicine. Specialists may even concentrate in one particular area, and become sub specialists. Each specialist in internal medicine, for instance, is an expert in diagnosis and no surgical treatment of adult diseases. But some internists take advanced training to become sub specialists in treating adolescents, heart disease, elderly people, cancer, or arthritis. For more information about the areas that specialists treat, see the table on Medical Specialties. branch of education devoted to training doctors in the practice of medicine. In 18th-century colonial America, prospective physicians either apprenticed themselves to established practitioners or went abroad to study in the traditional schools of London, Paris, and Edinburgh. Medicine was first taught formally by specialists at the University of Pennsylvania, beginning in 1765, and in 1767 at Kings College (now Columbia University), the first institution in the colonies to confer the degree of doctor of medicine. Following the American Revolution, the Columbia medical faculty (formerly of Kings College) was merged with the College of Physicians and Surgeons, chartered in 1809, which survives as a division of Columbia University. In 1893 the Johns Hopkins Medical School required all applicants to have a college degree and was the first to afford its students the opportunity to further their training in an affiliated teaching hospital. The growth of medical schools affiliated with established institutions of learning was paralleled by the development of proprietary schools of medicine run for personal profit, most of which had low standards and inadequate facilities. In 1910 Abraham Flexner, the American education reformer, wrote Medical Education in the United States and Canada, exposing the inadequacies of most proprietary schools. Subsequently, the American Medical Association and the Association of American Medical Colleges laid down standards for course content, qualifications of teachers, laboratory facilities, affiliation with teaching hospitals, and licensing of practitioners that survive to this day.

Alcohol and Family Violence Essay Essay Example

Alcohol and Family Violence Essay Essay Example Alcohol and Family Violence Essay Essay Alcohol and Family Violence Essay Essay Alcohol and household Violence has been an issues with households for many old ages. these are two devils that some merely can’t interruption. households have been sing the traumatic of one’s physical unmanageable actions. Alcohol has become one’s emphasis stand-in in all positions that it began to take over one’s manner of thought and reaction. this is ways persons express their evil ideas and the sad thing it that the maltreatment of intoxicant has a Domino consequence on their children’s as they become grownups and parents later in life. If community members understand force otherwise. their responses may be inconsistent and even harmful to victims. ( Advocate. Minnesota. ( 2003 ) ) . Almost 6. 500 kids across the universe have been a victim of household force which leads up to being in a individual parent place. One in three kids globally ( 30 % ) said as leader of their state ; they would undertake force by bettering jurisprudence and order. For kids in developing states. bettering instruction ( 17 % ) was the following precedence ( compared with merely 6 % of kids in developed states ) . ( 2003 ) . Child Fund. ) Finally. a 1991 survey in the United States found that the mean sum of intoxicant consumed prior to the usage of force was merely a few drinks. which â€Å"suggests that the act of imbibing may be more related to adult female maltreatment than the consequence of intoxicant. † Two other surveies indicate that drug usage is more strongly correlated to domestic force than is alcohol. ( 2003 ) . Child Fund. ) Bettering their self-pride. they abuse the victim physically. emotionally. and sometimes. sexually. Another cardinal factor in married woman maltreatment is alcohol. When the adult male is stressed. he turns to alcohol to alleviate it. Small does he cognize that the intoxicant makes him more cranky? â€Å"He started truly imbibing overly and that is when the maltreatment started. He had been imbibing I sat down to read the paper and he wanted his supper. . . he kicked the cat to the ceiling. he started slapping my face with both custodies. † ( Berger. 1990. pg. 42 ) . So. if you’re in an opprobrious relationship what is the best manner to acquire out and halt of the banging maltreatment? After ill-famed Acts of the Apostless of maltreatment. normally. the adult female will eventually recognize that the state of affairs will neer acquire better. Basically there are three basic grounds why adult females leave a violent relationship: Educated themselves about the necessary available aid. being faced with the impact on their kids ( mentally. physical. sexually and courage to cognize when adequate is adequate ) and adult females holding a tolerance degree of maltreatment. ( Berger. 1990. pg. 48 ) . Family Violence is Willfully or wittingly puting. or trying to topographic point. a household member in fright of injury. doing injury. unlawful parturiency or restraint against the household member’s will or continual torment which causes anguish. . A household member can be your partner or ex-spouse. kid ( including adopted and step kid ) . s ibling. parent or in-law. Now there are many factors that contribute to household force. the most normally seen are the features of the abused and the maltreater. There is no 1 specific state or civilization that is more opprobrious than another. maltreatment is spread across states. civilizations. socio-economic positions. races. faith and cultural groups ( Goldman. Salus. Wolcott A ; Kennedy. 2009 ) . For illustration. one may be really educated and kept up but if unable to command behaviour caused by emotions. he may be opprobrious. While if one may be hapless and lowly educated. if he is good controlled in his behaviours and emotions. he will so non be opprobrious. More frequently. in instances of kid maltreatment. the maltreater normally a parent. male parent or female parent. could be one who may be in state of affairss of emphasis or person who merely can non command their emotions. choler. In a paper written by Professor Harry J. Gaynor ( 1998 ) . in 1. 356 instances of kid maltreatment reported by National Burn Victim Foundation. there were 176 self-generated instances. of which 97 % of them are parents that are known to hold aggress ive response behaviour. There are two sorts of aggressive response. active and inactive. Active aggressive behaviours do non hold concern over the impact that choler will hold to the abused. this translates to actions of aching the abused verbally. could be hurtling hurtful words. humiliating. and physically. hitting the abused. While the inactive aggressive response behaviours are those that have cooped up. stamp downing negative emotions of a length of clip and a blow up or breakdown can be expected. this translates to behavior of disregard and non paying attending to the abused ( Gaynor. 1998 ) . Children are victims of adult’s unmanageable behaviour of choler. Equally much as we blame maltreaters. and we should look at their background and yesteryear. that when they were kids were tormented every bit good. Baltimore County. Maryland Police Department ( 2012 ) . shared some facts about kid mistreating inmates. that 84 % of them were abused as kids. households with more than four kids have higher r ates of abused and neglect. more than 80 % of the maltreaters are parent or person the kid is close to and parents on drugs is physically abused on a regular basis. There are parental histories and the rhythm of maltreatment that we have to factor into the features of the maltreater. Many of these persons who are mistreating their ain kids were victims of maltreatment and neglect themselves. ( Goldman et Al. . 2003 ) . There is no major difference in per centum of culprits being female or male. An evident close per centum of 50 % and 58 % of female parents and male parents are found to mistreat their ain kids. However. while individual female parents are accused of kid disregard. many male parents who abandon the kid are about neer considered in the disregard ( Newton. 2001 ) . Abuse frequently happen in environment or household state of affairs where it is overcrowded. normally happens with households with more than four kids. If the life conditions are cramped and isolated and parents do non keep proper stable occupations. the opportunities of maltreatment in those households. whether parent-child or sibling maltreatment may happen ( Baltimore County. Maryland Police Department. 2012 ) . From the Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders ( n. d. ) . some causes of maltreatment at times are merely due to parent’s ignorance of developmental phases. This ignorance can take to defeat and finally aggressive behaviours. They are under emphasis because their kid has issues with lavatory preparation or non run intoing their outlooks. Understanding developmental phases can assist parents to understand their child’s larning curve better and they will larn to get by with their outlook. Another cause is mental upsets. parent with depression. personality upsets or anxiousness upset etc. . can impact their ability to care for their kids. The abused. kids as the focal point. can lend toward household force toward themselves and they may neer cognize it. Disabled kids. kids with mental upsets. kids with development upsets. overactive kids are all at a higher hazard compared to a healthy kid in having maltreatment. These kids have demands that are particular. if they do non achieve needed demands. mode of communicating from them can be extremely straitening. Harmonizing to Sullivan ( 1996 ) from the Boys Town National Research Hospital. kids with disablements are found to be at greater hazard of maltreatment and disregard compared to kids without disablements ( Official Journal of the American Academy of Pediatrics. 2001 ) . Children with disablements of any signifier may be unable to come back. hold no apprehension that they are abused or can non pass on the occurrences of the maltreatment may hold issues because grownups know that they can acquire off with it because their maltreatments will non be reported. Knowing one can acquire off with it makes it easier to force through the maltreatment compared to put on the lining the kid kicking to others about the maltreatment. Children although still the ultimate victims whether or non they are the cause of the maltreatment and abused kids and the maltreater may hold much consequence in the society. There are long term effects environing household force and any signifiers of household force have effects to both the abused and the maltreater. Some of the effects are physical and neurobiological. cognitive and emotional and societal and educational. First. physical and neurological amendss are the seeable effects on a kid. direct injury from physical maltreatment can do ruptured variety meats and even possible encephalon malformation or deceleration. Neglect will do the kid to be ill-fed and/or nutritionary shortage. the kid will hold slow growing rate and development of the physical and encephalon would be unhealthy. This makes deficient in mental growing as good. Repeated trauma green goodss alterations in the neurochemistry of the encephalon that affects memory formation. This causes the individual to will clip to clip continually acquiring flashbacks of disconnected memories of emotions throughout their life. Cognitive and emotional amendss are comparative unobserved. Some kid s resort into utmost methods to cover with the traumatic experiences. Some cilium out at people around them and themselves. Some become down and do things that make them experience better. illustration by taking drugs and intoxicant. some even go to the extent of trying self-destruction. Bonding and fond regards with their parents or people in general may discontinue and apprehension of the mistreating behaviour might go lasting if aid does non come. Children that have been abused besides show no concern when person else is under hurt. they may even ensue to act in ways like hitting the other kid the same manner their maltreater did to them ( Sigelman A ; Rider. ( 2012 ) . A societal and educational consequence becomes obvious when the kid become less sociable or non sociable at all. insulating himself. The kid may besides go distrustful toward people in general doing them unable to decently hold a normal relationship. Due to this. the kid will turn up holding issues with self-esteem. have low degree of assurance. Behaviorally. some kids may turn up to go opprobrious or they become stray ( Encyclopedia of Mental Disorders. n. d. ) . Some of the kids who do non seek and hold support to recovery may see what they have been through has normal and appropriate. This is how the rhythm of maltreatment goes on. Abused kids are frequently emotionally and physically in hurting at school ; hence they are unable to concentrate at what they have to make. taking to them falling behind their classs. They find it difficult to do friends and hence either go a bully or acquire bullied at school every bit good. Because of this. instructors at school might see them as a debatable kid if they are non cognizant of the occurrences that are traveling on at place. With society ( school ) labeling them as debatable and being abused at place by parents they are likely to experience rejected by everyone. Intervention as a Human Services Professional I would propose that all household members seek reding to show all issues and acquire to the root cause of the job. When kids are involved seeing a healer with the household and without the parents would be one of my intercession to assist their household. I would besides hold the parents go to rearing categories. Resource: Advocate. Minnesota. ( 2003 ) . Alcohol and Domestic Violence. World Wide Web. umn. edu/hutments/svaw/ domestic/link/alcohol. htm Attorney-General’s Chambers ( 31 October 2009 ) . Interpretation of this Part. In Women’s Charter ( Chapter 353. Section 64 ) . Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //statutes. agc. gov. seaborgium Baltimore County. Maryland. ( 2 January 2013 ) . Facts About Child Abuse. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. baltimorecountymd. gov/Agencies/police/community/abuse. hypertext markup language ( 2003 ) . Child Fund. World Wide Web. childfund. org. av/publication/new-childfund-survey-fines-assive-kids-blame-alcohol-number-one-cause-violence Gaynor. H. J. ( 1998 ) . The Root of Child Abuse: Anger. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. aaets. org/article63. htm Goldman. J. . Salus. M. K. . Wolcott. D. . Kennedy. K. Y. ( 2003 ) . A Coordinated Response to Child Abuse and Neglect: The Foundation for Practice. Retrieved from hypertext transfer protocol: //www. childwelfare. gov/pubs/usermanuals/foundation/foundatione. cfm

Professional Tips to Improve Your Literary Analysis Writing

Professional Tips to Improve Your Literary Analysis Writing Short and Easy Guide for Writing a Literary Analysis Many students dislike writing literary analysis and see no point in doing this. However, the task is a great practice for developing an analytical intuition and critical thinking. No matter what your teacher asks you to write: a short paragraph that explains some facts about a piece of literature or an analytical essay that consists of several pages, your preparation shall start from understanding the aim of the work. Reading a book, a novel or a poem, we accept the text as a whole. In other words, we see a completed imaginary picture. However, if we start to think about the written words more carefully and analyze each sentence, phrase or even a word, we may see a lot of information that is not very obvious, however, is interesting and valuable to a reader. Literary analysis is just like reading between lines. It allows us to see another side of written information and great shades of its meaning. In the beginning it may sound boring to you, however, later you may even find it interesting and intriguing. How to Read a Text for Literary Analysis Any analysis starts with reading the text that you are going to analyze. However, this time try to read the text more thoughtfully, finding answers to the following questions: What is the message the author wanted to share intentionally? Usually, it’s the easiest question to answer. You have just to read the text and to understand the information it gives. What is the true personality of the main characters? This question needs careful thinking. Try not only to notice direct descriptions of the characters but also to analyze their actions and the conditions that influenced them. Sometimes you may even discover real-life prototypes of the literary characters or those real-life figures that donated their features to the novel heroes. Why the author chose certain writing means and ways? Creating a poem or a novel, authors are trying to choose the size, tone, and language that would help to create the most appropriate atmosphere for the described event. Very often we do not notice these methods. However, if we look deeper, we will see the great work that stands behind each literary masterpiece. Moreover, sometimes an author may use special elements unintentionally. However, these elements may reveal some additional information about an author’s attitude to the described events or characters. What a Literary Analysis Is Developing a clear understanding of what literary analysis is, you will find the best way of analyzing the texts. In fact, literary analysis is an essay that helps to understand a piece of literature in a better and deeper way. It may be aimed at analyzing the whole text or understanding some characters or events described in the text. No matter which type of literary work you are supposed to analyze, the methods that are used for that will be the same or will slightly differ. In order to make your literary analysis detailed and informative, you shall start with separating a text on some parts and elements to work with each of them. Analyzing text, you shall pay attention to those elements that are less obvious, for example: the connection between the main information that an author wanted to express and the methods and words that were chosen for expressing it; the connection between the plot and the sub-plot of a literary work; the connection between the described events and the reality of the author. Sometimes it’s also wise to learn more about the author himself, trying to understand the personality and the possible mood of the writer. You may discover a lot of elements that could be influenced by some events from the childhood of the author, reflection of his political or moral views, etc. A Short Definition of Literary Analysis Literary Analysis is a detailed and complex analysis of elements and expressive methods that are used by an author for discovering and defining their effects on a reader and their role for expressing the main idea of the text. The literary analysis concentrates on a theme, topic, characters, plot, methods, and devices created or chosen by an author. Structure and Format of Literary Analysis Just like any other writing work, the literary analysis shall be properly formatted and structured. This helps to group and organize the information in a more logical and comfortable to read way. The structure of your literary analysis is similar to others essay that you used to deal with: Introduction; Thesis Statement; Body paragraph; Final Conclusion. Introduction The introductory part is aimed at telling your reader what the essay is about. It shall include elements like: Data about the analyzed piece of literature: title, a name of the author, year of creation and other information that may be helpful for identifying the subject. A statement or statements that may express the main aim of your essay. A thesis statement that shall be a final part of the introductory paragraph. It shall be short, laconic and very informative. Some writing experts advise to include a question that you are going to answer later in your essay. There is an easy way to check if the introductory paragraph is informative enough. Check if it answers the following questions: WHO: the information about an author and its creation. WHAT: the main question or issue that is going to be solved. HOW: the methods and ways that are going to be used in order to reach the aim. WHY: the idea about how the results can be used in real life, for which purposes and why the author of the essay choose the topic. Body Paragraph The common mistake of many students is writing the body of an essay as a single paragraph. This part of an essay is the biggest and most informative. It can be difficult to read or to understand it. That’s why it’s better to write two or more paragraphs with several sub-paragraphs if necessary. There are also several great tips that can help you to write a great body paragraph: Use a separate paragraph for each statement or an idea. It’s better to express the main idea at the beginning of the paragraph. Check if it coincides with the general idea of an essay that is mentioned in the thesis. Supporting your ideas with some facts can be useful. However, it’s also necessary to support your ideas with extracts from the piece of literature and quotes. For this purpose, you can use extracts of dialogues or monologues of the characters. Try to understand and to describe an author’s choice of literature techniques instead of giving simple definitions to them. End each paragraph with some important information. Psychologists say that readers will accept information better if it’s given at the beginning and at the end of a paragraph. Sometimes it’s very difficult not to step away from the main aim. To avoid that, check if each of your paragraphs corresponds to the main topic mentioned in the introductory part. Conclusion The final part of the essay is shorter but not less important than the body part. Some students think that the conclusion is a short and very laconic rewrite of the body paragraph. However, it’s wrong to think this way. The conclusion part is aimed at answering the main question that was described or mentioned in a thesis. It also shows how the statements that were mentioned and described in the body paragraph support the main conclusion. 5 Common Types of Literary Analysis There are several types of literary analysis. They differ due to pieces of literature they describe, their main aim and methods that are used for analysis. Here, we describe some of the existing types that are commonly used for academic programs: Close Reading This type of analysis is used for noticing and analyzing small details and parts of the text. For example, in this case, great attention is paid to some minor actions, gestures of the characters, choice of words, etc. This type of analysis allows noticing the smallest elements of the general picture created by an author and understanding it in a better way. Theoretical Unlike the type that is described above, the theoretical type of analysis is more concentrated on the general idea or some key elements. This analysis allows evaluating the main theory described in the literary work. It may also include a comparison between the described theory and other possible theories connected to a subject. Comparative This type of analysis means that a writer of an essay compares two or more elements that may have a connection to the piece of literature. In fact, there are different subtypes of the comparative analysis. It may be a comparison between two elements or characters that are used in the same text, a comparison between two literary works of the same or different authors, etc. Contextual This type of analysis requires a careful investigation of the historical, geographical and cultural background of the events that are described in a novel or a poem. This analysis is helpful for a better understanding of the information that is given in the author’s text. Applied The applied type of literary analysis is aimed at revealing your own attitude to the written text. Many students think that this means that writing an applied analysis can be less difficult than dealing with other types of analysis. In fact, it’s not really true. This type of analysis allows you to be more creative, however, it never means that the analysis shall look less critical and deep. Usage of Examples for Literary Analysis Using correct and illustrative examples may be a great method to support and explain your statements. Which examples can be used? Description of similar situations from your personal experience or experience of some people you know. Description of situations that are related to more understandable reality. For example, an explanation of how an event mentioned in an analyzed historical novel could be interpreted nowadays. Describing situations that are mentioned in other pieces of literature. Alternative Solution It’s always a nice way to read some additional guidelines or explanations and to practice for a while before writing an excellent literature analysis. However, students’ life is more complicated than it may appear. Sometimes students have too much work, feel unmotivated to write an essay or simply think that working on an essay or another type of writing assignment can ruin some of their great plans. There’s always an alternative solution for situations like that. For example, applying to our writing service in order to receive some help! If something goes wrong with the preparation of your writing paper, there’s no need to worry. We are always ready to save you!

Agriculture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Agriculture - Essay Example I prefer to use the term local to refer to a certain state though the term can also be applied to the entire US. In case of food products, there are quite a number of features that are considered by the consumers. I consumed locally produced chicken as well as homemade grape drink. I only wanted to find out if there is any difference between locally produced food products and those imported from the other countries. I discovered that locally produced chicken tasted better compared to chicken imported from countries like Brazil. I gathered that chicken imported from Brazil is made from genetically modified organisms and it is too fat. However, our locally produced chicken is different from the imported products. It is original and it tastes good. Just the same like the grape drink that I consumed for two consecutive days. It had an original taste as a result of the fact that it had little additives. From this experience, I gathered that products that are meant for the local market are original and they often have high prices compared to low quality products that are imported from other local markets. Originality is the main aspect that has appealed to my interests towards locally produced goods. I have come to realize that when you want to obtain local products when doing your shopping, you should read the label and try to gain knowledge about the place where the product was made. I have also no ted that locally produced products have slightly higher prices if they are original compared to genetically modified products sourced from other regional markets. Apart from differences in the cost of local and regional products, the quality also differs. From carrying out this exercise, I have realized that the term local is synonymous with quality and originality. Local people often identify with the products that are locally produced and they derive pride from these. In terms of

Fat and Happy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Fat and Happy - Essay Example The essay begins by exaggerating common mistaken notions of how and why being fat is a personal, social, and medical liability, then provides evidence and examples for each to show why society developed the perception that the body defines and reflects who a person is. Facts expose and dispel the underlying viewpoint, proving fat people can be beautiful, gracious, elegant, strong, and healthy, just like you and me. The influence of these perspectives can pose a more serious health risk than fatness itself, insults and dieting "must certainly contribute to the shortening of many fat people's lives." (Worley, par. 8) The added stress and effort caused by worrying about your body's set point, means that some would be "happier and healthier not concentrating energies on weight change." (Curtis, ed., A1) Ignorance, inaccurate knowledge, and personal biases being the roots of these mistakes, the essay enhances our knowledge of "fatness" by sharing touching, personal experiences. In additio n to correcting the reader, she gives alternative solutions that cost less and are comfortable and enjoyable: to know and understand the body, to know why some are predisposed to being fat, and how to gain a deeper appreciation and acceptance of our bodies and who we really are. The essay is serious but entertaining, lighthearted but credible, full of evidence familiar to both sides in the issue: fat people who feel miserable and the not-fat who cause the misery. The essay is written to provoke a reaction from any reader with personal issues on the topic. She uses a large variety of argumentative techniques, filling the essay with analogies, assumptions, metaphors, and similes, using authority and common ground, appealing to emotions (pathos) and ethos (the author after all is fat), as well as stimulating the imagination with vivid descriptions of the inhabitants of the "planet" where fat is good and beautiful, as they socialize in swimsuits and show their talents like belly-dancing. Personally, I don't have issues against fat people, although I have friends who do. I also have fat friends whom I have observed to be suffering the miserable consequences of non-acceptance. I have, to be sure, been on the giving end of this lack of acceptance, if only unintentionally. Now that I am seven months pregnant, I feel I am on the receiving end of these biases, and can add my own personal experiences to Worleys list. The alternative to accepting the status quo is to help others see that being fat is as good and beautiful as any other body type, that fat people can be healthy and strong, and that being fat is neither a sign of weakness nor a disease. Understanding that these mistaken notions are the effect of faulty reasoning, I can avoid the same mistakes in the future and help others avoid them. These specious arguments appear, at first, to be logical, but are not. The essay shows that associating "fat" with "bad" is merely a prejudice, so people who think that way are gui lty of non sequitur. A product of careless thinking, the idea of fatness equating negatively is as incorrect as associating "slim" with "bad."

Tribulation Period Essay Example for Free

Tribulation Period Essay Tribulation is a period of time when God will bring on his judgment to the world. According to the prophecies of the Book of Revelation and the Book of Daniel, it will consist of 7 years. This 7 year period is divided into two. The first half is known as the period of Great Sorrow and the next half is known as the Great Tribulation. In the beginning of the first half, the church will be saved from the wrath of God by the event known as the Rapture. In this event, Jesus will descend from heaven and deliver all Christians to the Lord. For those who will be born and become Christians after the Rapture will live through the tribulation period.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The great tribulation will take place when the Antichrist is announced in the temple. The earth will then suffer three wraths, Wrath of the Lamb, Wrath of the Satan and Wrath of the Father. Wrath of the Lamb refers to the wrath of the Christian’s savior Jesus Christ. According to prophecies, rocks from the mountains will befall on man as they cry. Right after the Wrath of the Lamb, the earth will suffer the Wrath of the Satan after he is stripped off with his access on the throne of God. Satan will be sent to the earth after being barred in the heavens. Basing on the interpretation of Revelation 12:7-12, Satan and his angels will be cast into the world tempting Christians to sell their souls. Finally, the world will taste the Wrath of the Father.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   During the aforementioned period, the earth will suffer extreme confusion for there will reign the church of the antichrist. There will be a false messiah who will deceive people and only those who have strong faith who will be able to distinguish the false messiah with the real messiah. In addition, Satan and his angels will be lurking on earth and mingling with people influencing them to exchange their souls with his angels promising salvation.

Agression :: science

Agression There are different reasons why a person may act aggressively towards other human beings. The person may act this way because of his culture or the way he was brought up in society. The person does not, however, act this way based on instinct alone. Aggression is a molded, learned behavior. A human being must have both environmental and instinctual factors in order to display aggression. Some of a person's natural instincts are to desire food, reject certain things, escape from danger, fight when challenged, sex desire, care for the young, dominate, and to accept inferior status. The combination of instincts and environment determines a person's behavior. This is based on the theory that everything human beings do would have to be learned from other human beings. Aggression must be learned; it is not simply there from birth. Rather than being an uncontrollable instinct, a person's behavior is something that is taught to him. For example, a newborn baby is breathing because it is an involuntary reflex. On the other hand, a father may tell his young son to beat up the school bully who is picking on him. As a result, the boy is taught to deal with the situation by using violence. In order for an individual to display aggression, it must be driven by an instinct interacting with that person's surroundings. McDougall defines the word instinct as "an inherited or innate psycho-physical disposition which determines its possessor to perceive, and to pay attention to, objects of a certain class, to experience an emotional excitement of a particular quality upon perceiving such an object, and to act in regard to its particular manner, or, at least, to experience an impulse to such action." This definition basically explains that people have different reactions for different stimuli. Therefore, an individual is prone to act a certain way when he is stimulated to do so from his surrounding environment. For example, the Eskimo does not have an innate instinct that allows him to survive in his climate. He is taught to work with his people in order to survive when he is very young. When people are brought up in a society, they learn certain customs and traditions. These customs are usually taught to them because it's part of their society's way of life, even though some of the customs may seem cruel and repulsive to others. For example, cannibalism is abhorrent to us, but in some primitive cultures, to eat an enemy is to gain his or her strength.

Individual Report (Hrm) Essay

According to the chairman of Woolworths, James Strong, â€Å"One of the most significant factors contributing to the country’s outstanding performance is the quality of its people†. According to him involvement and development of people possessing high quality is very important for an organization to succeed (Stone, 2011). Now a day’s workforce is the main factor of organization’s competitive advantage. The workforce is intangible assets of organizations. To gain a competitive advantage, the part of human resource is the best ever, because it is taken as a wealth success as well as the main component of sustainable competitive advantage (Memon, Mangi, & Rohra, 2009). Human Capital includes the skill, attitudes and knowledge of the employees. Today, all the organization maintains sustainable value in the market, so that they mostly use intangible assets as human capital (Javadein, Estiri, & Ghorbani, 2011). When a human capital is valuable, rare and hardly capable it creates a sustainable competitive advantage. For example given below: Table 1: Human capital and Competitive advantage Performance Type of competitive advantage Hardly capable of imitation Rare Valuable Below average Competitive loss —- — No Average Competitive balance —- No yes Above average Temporary competitive advantage No yes yes Above average Sustainable competitive advantage yes yes yes Source: (Colella & Miller, 2006) All researchers are own vision but of this concept as Wright, et al, 1994 indicates that they meet the criteria for human resource Barney is a source of sustainable competitive advantage. Guest said in 1990 if management trusts employees and give difficult tasks, workers will reply high motivation, commitment and high performance (Jassim, 1987) to respond. This means that in recent years the sources of sustainable competitive advantage technological, financial but now to human. In other words, we can say that achievement now depends on employees’ skills, confidence and capacity obligations. 2Competitive Advantage Competitive advantage is achieved when a business produces extra profits which are greater than its competitors due to making exclusive product pricing or supply advantage (The VisionLink Advisory Group, 2012). And if the company is to create value over time, the policy the same as another potential competitor also done, but other companies are not able to reap the fruits of this policy to duplicate, then you can say that the organization continues to sustainable competitive advantage. For better compete in the market the capable employees of the successful companies make a product unique, use some different activities and they focus on all of energy areas which affect the organization to maintain sustainable competitive advantage. The Competitive Advantage Process   Image2: Competitive Advantage Process Source: (http://www.vladvisors.com/) According to this Michael Porter’s say that: â€Å"At the time a firm gets profits more than industrial average profit, then the firm possesses competitor advantage over its competitors† (The VisionLink Advisory Group, 2012). Employees play vital roles to achieve the targets which set by organization so instead of this organization also know that to achieve the sustainability in the market so the factor is capable employees. 3Significance of the Study â€Å"The human element has become important information that comes has an essential element to obtain a competitive advantage, especially in the new economic environment.† The objective of this work is to define the importance of workforce in organizational performance and some models of the strategic direction of the organization to describe. These models make it for this individual report to explain the capable workforce is the main resource of competitive advantage. In these models shows that how the workforce can help to organization in stay sustained competitive in the market. To use these models finds that which are the capable employees in organizations will achieve competitive advantage in the market. (Bernardin & Russell, 1998). This effort shows that organization understand the importance of human resources in formulating planning and execution to achieve a competitive advantage. 4Capable Workforce can deliver sustainable competitive advantage Fig3: Adapting these things to develop a Sustain Competitive Advantage Source: (http://www.growourregion.ca) In today’s world if an organization needs to have a growth in present economic environment then it should have more and proper focus on its workforce. The ability to reduce costs, productivity and competitive advantage in the management depends upon the employee’s capability. Sustainable competitive advantage means that the employees of the company always focus on the maintenance and improvement in the enterprises, so the organization easily competes in the market. This competitive advantage helps every business to stand against its rivals in a long run. (Kotelnikov, N.D). Some example according to sustain competitive advantage: 4.1Example: IBM With the talent and experience of professional manpower the IBM deployed worldwide, the organization and practice of people is part of IBM Global Business Services. IBM consultants have a proven track record in creating value for customers with our proven assets, methodology, partnerships and research capabilities; we act as business advisors trust for our customers worldwide (Brousseau, N.D.). 4.2Literature Review of Workforce Workforce is supposed to be major part of the organization. In recent years organization ignored workforce strategies, but after see the importance and control organization began to understand that human resources is essential to create and maintain a competitive advantage. Most of theories show that workforce should be included at the time of formulation of any strategy in the organization. According to Stone 1998 shows that whenever organizational need to formulate new strategy that time they requires identifications of resources, analysis the whole structure and balance the externalities coming from outside or inside the organization at that time workforce plays a very important role (Memon et al., 2009). Workforce is major resource of sustainable competitive advantage. Workforce give helps to organization’s to achieve sustainable competitive advantage through cost management and differentiation. 4.2.1Example: Uk Airlines In this example tell about employees of UK airlines give efforts to utilize the image of airlines in the minds of its customers. The most excellent airline are those which always do our promises to their customers and always make significant value for them, but this thing possible when the employees of the company give better results. In this Airlines Company employee’s plays very vital role for spread image of airline in the market and responsible for deliver promises to our customers, so that airlines company easily achieve a sustainable competitive advantage in the market (Study-Aids, 2010). 5Workforce and Sustained Competitive Advantage: For achieving goals, firstly represent the review of the resource-based view of the firm. And after this concept tell about function of workforce in sustainable competitive advantage. 5.1The Resource-Based View of the Firm According to resource-based firm organization literature shows that the theories of profit and competition are related with the writing of Ricardo (1817), Schumpeter (1934). And in this they both mainly focus on the workforce of the business success as the main determinants in the competition (WRIGHT & McMcMAHAN, 1993). 5.2Workforce affects the sustainability of the organization It is clear that most of the organizations suggest that workforce is the key point of competitive advantage in the world. Workforce is the key point of sustained competitive advantage in the market because less visible role compared to others. Employees working in the organization can play a very important role in production of product and services because the employees are directly involved in it. All these things displayed by the workforce are capable of a sustainable competitive advantage. 5.3Workforce Role in the Sustained Competitive Advantage First, in a static environment, a high level of workforce must have a number of bodies ‘to have productive advantages over its competitors by developing more efficient methods to meet the requirements of the task (Hunter & Hunter, 1984). On the other hand, the dynamics environments some workers affected by the increased efficiency adapted to the individual capacity of the environment. 5.4Function of Manager to rising workforce While managers were greatest impact on business results. It plays vital function in the development of workforce as a competitive advantage continuously (WRIGHT & McMcMAHAN, 1993). According to resource-based view shows all managers are ability to control the characteristics of their business. 5.4.1Example: Honda Last 40 years the Honda had a manufacturing work plants in the United States. In U.S. economy Honda has large growth and spreading out in terms of dollars and number of employees. But the success of the Honda’s depends upon the company employees (Child, 1972). 6Employees Personal Characteristics under Workforce These are some personal Characteristics for employees by which they achieve goals in the company and other side easily achieves sustain competitive advantage in the organization. Such that including aggressiveness, Confidence, poise, decisiveness, toughness, integrity and quick thinking (Child, 1972). Skills: The most important skills for employees to sustainable competitive advantage in the organization are: 1)Communication Skills: Employees have good communication skills by this they easily do business globally which effect organization preview. 2)Organization skills: This is the vital factor for good management. These skills included in the employees having good planning, analytical and goal-setting abilities by through this they achieve good reputation of organization in the market which makes the sustainable competitive advantage. 3)Coping Skills: Employees have flexible and creative were involved in effectively coping with change, as were patience and persistence. These all good skills in employees affect the organization image in the market. 4)Technical skills: If managers have good background in their field so it achieves the objectives of the organization and done the things more efficiently which affects the sustainability of the organization. 7Conclusions Today, intangible assets play an important role in the competitiveness of enterprises, more durable and less active that can be replicated. Workforce can be considered as one of the most important intangible assets, including the knowledge and skills. As a result, management has the capital necessary to achieve competitiveness. The reason of this analysis is verify the capable labor market is the important factor for the organization. By preparing this individual report using some theoretical concepts, which shows that capable workforce is the source of sustainable competitive advantage. 8Reference Bernardin, H., & Russell. (1998). Human Resource Management. A Experimental Approach. 2 Edition. Singapore: McGraw-Hill. Brousseau, D. (n.d.). Organization & Workforce Transformation. Retrieved from http://www-935.ibm.com/services/us/gbs/strategy/talent-and-workforce-management.html Colella, A., & Miller, C. C. (2006). Organizational Behavior: A Strategic Approach. John Wiley, New York. Memon, D. M. A., Mangi, R. A., & Rohra, D. C. L. (2009). Human Capital a Source of Competitive Advantage â€Å"Ideas for Strategic Leadership.† Australian Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences. Retrieved from http://www.ajbasweb.com/ajbas/2009/4182-4189.pdf Javadein, S., Estiri, M., & Ghorbani, H. (2011). The Role of Internal Marketing in Creation of Sustainable Competitive Advantages. Retrieved from http://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=tasr.2011.364.374&org=10 Jassim, R. K. (1987). Competitive Advantage Through the Employees. Retrieved from http://www.my-world-guide.com/upload/File/Reports/e/egipt/Competitive%20Advantage%20Through%20the%20Employees.pdf The VisionLink Advisory Group. (2012). Creating and Sustaining a Competitive Advantage – The Role and Impact of Effective Compensation and Rewards Strategies. Retrieved from http://www.vladvisors.com/compensation-information/Role-of-Effective-Compensation-Competitve-Advantage-article.aspx The VisionLink Advisory Group. (2012). How Do I Create a Competitive Advantage with My Compensation Programs? Retrieved from http://www.vladvisors.com/compensation-information/Competitive-Advantage-with-Compensation-article.aspx Kotelnikov, V. (N.E). Sustainable Competitive Advantage (SCA). Retrieved from http://www.1000ventures.com/business_guide/crosscuttings/sca_main.html WRIGHT, P. M., & McMcMAHAN, G. C. (1993). Human Resources And Sustained Competitive Advantage: A Resource-Based Perspective. Retrieved from http://ceo.usc.edu/pdf/T9319239.pdf Child, J. (1972). Human Resource Management (Competitive advantage). Retrieved from http://www.slideshare.net/fathima_sy/human-resource-management-competitive-advantage-1928241 Study-Aids. (2010). Employee Branding as a Source of Sustainable Competitive Advantage A Study of Two UK Airlines. Retrieved from http://www.study-aids.co.uk/marketing/market0057.html Hunter, J., & Hunter, R. (1984). Validity and utility of alternative

Benefits of Going Holidays

What is the psychological benefit of going on holiday? For most of us life involves the constant routine of work, whether at home with the family or within a business. Household duties, shopping, cooking, and looking after our families, watching television and whatever other hobbies or activities we engage in keep our minds active and occupied day in day out. If we interpret our situation to be stressful, forced, without choice or robotic then the constant engagement in life can wear us down and leave us feeling less than enthusiastic.If we feel unhappy about our situation and yet do not see a way to change it to what we would rather have, life can become a chore rather than exhilarating and exciting. It’s not always easy to change a job we do not enjoy or feel suitably challenging. It’s not always appropriate, financially or emotionally realistic to leave difficult relationships or stressful family situations, therefore we endure our current lifestyles, regardless.Read more in Holidays  « Four Leaf Clover Brings Luck? Guest Country and Republic Day  » How can we get away from an unchanging routine? In the same way you would take a break from over-involvement in a demanding task to clear your mind and gain new perspective before returning to recreate new ideas, you can take a holiday in order to refresh your mind from the prolonged identity with sameness, stress, fatigue or monotony.Obviously our lives do not have to be troubled or stressful to appreciate a holiday but no matter what we engage in daily, there is routine of some sort, therefore a change of scenery and new exciting stimulation for our minds is advisable in order to remind ourselves there is more to life than the ongoing routine of our current situations. Some people experience a sense of freedom the moment they lock the front door to their house, and their holiday has begun. Everyday life is left behind. For others it’s being on the aeroplane, physically identifying with having left their country or even just their county behind.For others it’s a few days into their holiday when they can identify and appreciate several days off together, which they normally do not experience in working life. Whatever it is for you, when it hits home you are free to do exactly as you wish; eat when you like, relax and read a book or go for a walk, engage in water sports, soak up the scenery, admire the architecture, rekindle romance, have fun with the children – you can completely relax and give your entire mind and body a well deserved holiday.Engaging in the freedom of not having to worry about time or deadlines or even family demands is extremely beneficial to our well-being. Life without tasks can be boring and uneventful but in order to appreciate what we have and identify with our own self worth and admiration of all that we do in life – it is advisable to take time out and experience the opposite as we enjoy complete relaxation without any demands.Choose a holiday in line with your idea of relaxation, which for an individual could be anything from a camping holiday to relaxing on a cruise ship or sightseeing in Barcelona. There is no point going on holiday to do more of what you do not want to do. Our minds need a break from ongoing concentration just as much as our bodies do if they are working continuously on an arduous task. Have a change of scenery and enjoy the contrast between complete choice in the moment and the scheduled routine of home and work life.

Compare and Contrast Essay Guide on Computational Genomics

Compare and Contrast Essay Guide on Computational Genomics In educational circles, the compare and contrast essay is one of the most popular essay formats students are expected to use when writing about two similar concepts or terms under a subject matter. Therefore, a student should be ready for essay assignments that compare and contrast two ideas and the best preparation is to understand what is required of you and how you should respond to get the best score possible. This guide intends to provide enough information to help you accomplish your task with ease. There are three major directions in which a compare and contrast essay follows and each of these directions depends solely on the question you have been assigned to answer. The first direction is writing a compare essay. Here, you are given the simple task of comparing two concepts with the aim of listing just their similarities. A sample topic is ‘comparing the functions of DNA and RNA in computational genomics’. The topic here focuses on one part of the traditional compare and contrast essay for you have been told to only focus on what makes both concepts similar and important to genomics. The second direction your assignment may take is comparing two concepts with emphasis on listing out or discussing only their differences while ignoring known similarities. Here also your compare and contrast essay question will be skewed towards the contrasting features of your subject matter. The third and the most important direction a compare and contrast essay can take, is actually discussing both the similarities and differences between two concepts in an intelligent manner. When receiving   this task, it is important to note that you are not expected to simply list out similarities and differences, but to develop a structured essay that flows between comparing and contrasting different features. So here are some tips on writing an excellent essay. Identify and Understand both Concepts The task of identifying what is expected of you is one of the most important steps to take before drafting your paper and it is the easiest step to take. Here, you are expected to pick up two terms to be compared and contrasted from the assignment’s question and make your research to grasp their roles and what makes them tick. Develop a Writing Strategy The writing strategy is the determining factor on how your essay turns out. Therefore, you should focus on what you will include in your introduction and how you intend to compare using similarities. It is important to use clear differences to contrast both terms and apply a coherent summary in your concluding statement, which takes into consideration everything you have discussed in the body of your essay. Take Stock of your Finished Work Editing is an integral part of every written assignment and it is imperative that you go through length and breadth of any project you have written. For a compare and contrast essay, the editing process is not only focused on correcting grammar and semantic errors, but it is a way to ensure that you actually compared and contrasted the two given factors as stipulated in your essay question. Here, you have to be sure that the third essay direction was the part you chose and not the first or second as explained above. For further reading on writing an essay on computational genomics, here are some engaging pieces such as 10 facts for a compare and contrast essay on computational genomics and 20 compare and contrast essay topics on computer genomics developed to help you write your papers excellently.

Crime scene in the novel and film Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Crime scene in the novel and film - Essay Example of the said author that deals with important political and social issues such as terrorism, anarchism and the events that can be related to such issues. The main point of view of the said novel is mainly on the side of the antagonistic character in a society mainly on the basis of the perception that it presents on the people involved with the act of terrorism and other criminal dealings. Based on the experience brought about by the novel, it can be considered that in cases of extreme belief in certain philosophies, people are capable of crimes and actions that the norms can consider as evil. The nature of human being then can be considered highly complex and cannot be boxed through cultural and moral standards. The main character of the story represents a normal person with a family which often has conflicts regarding different aspects of life. Basically, one of the highlight of the character’s life is regarding the peers with similar point of view specifically anarchists who rooted for revolution using unconventional actions. Although this is the case, the wife of the main character depicted the capability if a person to hurt another which can also considered as an act of terrorism and anarchy specifically when she had killed her husband. The representation presented by Conrad reflects the human nature that is outside the stereotypical view. That includes the focus on the irony of perceptions on the weakness of the women in the society; the limitations in the harm one human can do to another regardless of relationship; and that capacity to do crime is not limited to the distraught and the people without morality. Crimes can be committed regardless of culture, norms and character of a person. The novel The Great Gatsby is another notable published work by F. Scott Fitzgerald. It is a representation of the American society after the WWI. The novel represents the conflicts occurring in the society due to different factors that are interplaying. One

Life of galileo lalilei Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Life of galileo lalilei - Research Paper Example His views that the Earth is not the center of the Universe therefore created more resentment and opposition than the work of any other scientist during that era. However, despite the opposition of the mighty, the ideas of Galileo prevailed and the world was able to develop a modern system of astronomy and physics which has evolved and culminated into the current model of science. Society has therefore benefited a lot from his work and how it really shaped the way science as a whole has evolved over the period of time. This paper will therefore argue that Galileo Galilie was a rebel scientist and his ideas and work has greatly changed the way is now progressing. The overall context of his work will also be presented. Galileo Galilie Born in 1564, Galileo became one of the most important scientists in the history of science who laid the foundations for the modern science. During his early life, he seriously considered to become a priest however, due to his father’s insistence he went on to study in the University of Pisa for a medical degree. However, he was not able to complete his degree and went on to study mathematics instead of medical sciences. It was during that era that his overall interests for the mathematics and other physical sciences started to develop. He was later appointed on different teaching assignments and his real contribution towards science started to emerge during the early part of the 17th century. At University of Padua he was able to develop different scientific theories and contributed not only towards the pure fundamental science but towards the applied science also. Galileo therefore is also famous for his contributions for inventing new technology and setting the foundations for technological innovations. (Hilliam) During that time he went on to make some of the most important discoveries and invented many equipment which allowed scientists to perform mathematical calculations relatively easily. It was also during that period that Galileo started to evolve as one of the most established scientists of his time. The conflict between the Galileo’s discoveries and scientific faith however, was believed to be in direct conflict with the established religious orthodox thought of that time. Over the period of time, Galileo through his hard work produced scientifically accurate theories however the unacceptability of his ideas despite the fact that Galileo was a religious person all through his life. It was also because of his religious beliefs that he could not take up his illegitimate daughters and asked them to spend most of their lives in church. (McNeese) He was accused of heresy and was later sent for inquisition which he survived only after retracting from his earlier position thus giving Church time to establish and re-establish its own authority. Scientists as Rebels It is argued that scientists always remained rebels as throughout the entire history of Science; scientists have uncovered or disc ussed issues that were considered as unacceptable as per the norms of the society. This tendency seems to continue till today where scientists, despite their innovation and creativity are still considered as agitators because what they discuss and achieve may take time to get the acceptance

Japan Foreign Direct Investment Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Japan Foreign Direct Investment - Research Paper Example The behavior of exchange rates on the international capital market has a significant bearing on the quantity of capital resources that can be marshaled by multinational corporations to enable them carry out investments in the host countries. A country's currency is said to have undergone depreciation if there is a general fall in the value of the country's currency relative to the main value of another country's currency. Within the context of this essay, the Japanese Yen can undergo a depreciation against one of the leading currencies such as the US Dollar or the Euro if its value falls in relative terms to any of them. Suffice to cite a hypothetical illustration to buttress the foregoing point. Should the Japanese Yen fall against the United States Dollar by say 25 percentage points then the most likely impact is that cost of production by another hypothetical corporation will be significantly lower by 25%. The resulting low cost of the Yen can serve as an incentive for investment because a would be corporation will have to pay low cost for wages in addition to the prevailing low cost of production relative to what it will be in the United States. This phenomenon of attractiveness due to exchange rate differences amon g countries is known as the relative wage concept (Froot & Stein, 1991). However, this latter assertion ought... llel between the significant changes in the relative costs of production across both the United States and Japan and above all this should not in any way be altered by any overt or covert changes in either the cost of production or the wages in Japan where this investment will be taken place. In addition, the overall relevance of the relative wage factor will become negligible in the event of an advent of an anticipated movement in exchange rate. This has to do with either a direct or indirect rise in the cost of carrying out an investment in the host nation in this case which is Japan. The point that should be noted here is that in the most conventional form the factors that fulfill the interest rate parity are consistent with risk-adjusted rates of return in both the United States and Japan. Any shift in any of the above mentioned factors can change the entire course of a foreign direct investment stream. In a deeper sense the effects of changes on the foreign exchange market on investments are more profound on multinational corporations. Citing again the instance of a decline in the value of the currency of the host country relative to the investing source country, it is worth stating that should this situation of depreciation in the value of the host country's currency then the potential impact can be a significant rise in the wealth of the multinational corporation in relation to the host country. By this leverage the investing multinational corporation is better placed to engage in robust bidding for assets in the home country in view of the fact that it has relatively stronger capital base to engage in these activities. Of course saying this is an extension of illustrations presented in the preceding chapter with regards to wages and cost of production and how

History and Culture of China Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

History and Culture of China - Essay Example Their work of art during the Qing Dynasty is mainly examined in accordance with the psychological and historical circumstances of the time. This was mainly triggered by the Brutal takeover of the Manchu in which many Chinese harbored a strong cultural consciousness which saw new invaders of the dynasty as foreigners who disgraced the Han ethnic group which constitute the majority population in China. This kind of resentments is considered the atmosphere under which most of the artists worked and reflected in their art (Dynasty Landscape painting). From the paintings done during this period, one is able to see pessimistic dark images; references to the fallen Ming Dynasty, trees and other forms of natural resources were depicted growing in an up-side down position with dense claustrophobic forms (Dynasty Landscape painting). This was a way of expressing their feelings of discomfort. Despite the emperor rulers of the Qing Dynasty view their Machu ethnic group as superior over other sma ll tribes, they did put a cold shoulder on the Chinese culture, and decided to develop and promote the traditional Han Culture and the patrons of art (Dynasty Landscape painting). ... This paper will explore Zheng Banqiao’s artistic work in explaining the history of Chinese Culture with regard to Qing Dynasty. Zheng Banqiao was Chinese artist during the Qing dynasty. He was born in 1693 and passed away in 1765.Zheng Bangiao was a Chinese painter from Jiangsu. He began life in poverty but rose in the exam system to become a magistrate at Shandond. His original name was Zheng Xie; he was among the Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou. Zheng Bangiao was brought up by the wet nurse’s fee after his mother passed away while he was three years old. He studied in Yizheng School of lyrics while he was twenty years old. He studied poetry while he was twenty six years old in a private school based teaching. He was a great Literati and painter of the Qing Dynasty according to Yoshiho, Chu and Iverson (2007). Zheng Bangiao became a successful candidate of the highest imperial examination in 1736.This was the first year of Emperor Qianlong’s reign. Due to his succe ss Zheng Banqiao was appointed a magistrate. Zheng Banqiao was an incorruptible official; he tried so much to help the poor by applying a relief fund for them. He became critical of the life of an official as he refused to ingratiate himself with the officials. His incorruptible and sympathetic character to the poor annoyed the superiors and he was fired. After he was dismissed from work, he went back home and lived on painting bamboos stones and drawing orchids. Zheng Banqiao was the best poet and composed a lot of poems. He wrote calligraphy works and drawing paints. His works were known as â€Å"Three unique skills† by the whole word. Zheng Banqiao’s poems are very original and focused certain aspects of the Qing dynasty. They were never cliche, he wrote about ordinary

Impact Of Social Networking Sites On Brand Promotion Marketing Essay

Impact Of Social Networking Sites On Brand Promotion Marketing Essay If considering the example of Skoda, it gives the substantial results for such instance. Skoda has created the community of about 2000 people through social media. This community was started when a female customer has posted its comment about the after sales services of Skoda and a person has picked this comment and posted it on social networking site (Muncaster, 2007). It is not only the corporate biggies who have used social networking sites as a medium to promote their brand but also a phenomena of retailing the designers label to increase the brand awareness among the target customers. Looking at the importance of social networking, this research aims to analyzing the impact of social networking sites on brand promotion. This chapter provides the brief introduction about the research study, including the aims and objectives of the research, significance of the research and rationale behind conducting this research study. Aims and Objectives of the Research: The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of social networking sites on brand promotion. In order to fulfill the aim of the research, researcher has laid down following research objectives which has been achieved in this research as a part of research aim. To understand the importance of social networking websites in branding strategy To determine the advantage of using social media in marketing and branding To understand the current and future scope viability of social media To identify the strategies of companies using social media as a medium for promoting their brand In order to achieve the above research objectives, the research has addressed the following research questions in this study. RQ1: What is the importance of social networking sites in branding and marketing? RQ2: What are the advantages for a marketer in using social media for its marketing and branding strategy? RQ3: What is the current and future scope viability of social media? RQ4: What are the strategies used by companies for using social media in promoting their brands among the target customers? Significance of the Research: This research study is contributing significantly in the studies of marketing and brand management where the researcher has provided some key facts about the current usage of social networking sites in brand promotion and marketing. The research findings will help the marketers to understand the advantage of using social media as a medium for promoting their brands and they can integrate these findings in preparing their brand strategy. In addition to this, the research work provided the base for future academic researchers to conduct the research in the social networking space in relation to the marketing and branding management. Rationale behind the Research: Reason for conducting this research is to get the deeper insight about how the companies are using social networking websites for promoting their brand and in what ways they are making it effective among the target customers. In this way researcher would be able to get greater learning in the field of marketing and brand management and can integrate these findings into its professional career. Chapter Scheme of the Research: It is essential to divide the complete research into sub sections or chapters to get the sequential understanding of every step taken by the research for completing the research. Therefore researcher has segregated the complete research into fiver chapters. First chapter of the research provide the brief introduction about the research. Second chapter provided the literature of the research. Third chapter includes the research methodology. Fourth chapter provided the discussion, analysis and findings of the research. Last and fifth chapter includes the conclusion drawn by the research from the key findings and provided the recommendation to marketers. Summary: There is a latest trend of using social networking sites for brand promotion however the businesses are realizing slowly of using social networking sites for brand promotion. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of social networking sites on brand promotion. Social network affect the purchase decision making process of consumers which make the difference in the branding and marketing strategies. However social networking websites are useful for the marketers to increase the brand awareness and product awareness. Reason for conducting this research is to get the deeper insight about how the companies are using social networking websites for promoting their brand. This chapter provided the brief introduction of the researcher to the reader. Chapter 2: Literature Review 2.1 Introduction: Social networking sites such as Facebook (400 million users worldwide) and Orkut (100 million), or the micro-blogging site Twitter (which crossed 10 billion tweets recently) may offer engaging distractions to the average user. But the numbers add up to a dizzying truth for brands: social networking sites (SNS) and sites like Twitter are prodigiously fertile spaces to harvest ad business. Adgully speaks to Indias leading brand nurturers and digital agencies to understand how they are leveraging the networking revolution. Social Networking soon became a way for brand Marketing and promotion on social sphere, whereby, the enterprises started using these online communities or websites for developing contacts and driving traffic to their respective websites. Today, these social networking websites form the main tool of social media marketing. The most commonly used websites that have become drastically popular over last couple of years are Twitter and Facebook. Following these two are som e other sites such as LinkedIn, My Space, Digg and StumbleUpon (Adler Kwon, 2002).   Facebook is a Social Networking Site which helps friends and colleagues to share dialogues with each other through Wall Posts, Messages and Comments. Today, Facebook has more than 350 million members and still counting. This site experiences more than two million clicks per day. Statistics state that users spend an average of 20 minutes per day in Facebook. The advanced functionalities of Facebook allow the users a longer shelf life. A user can view your files which are more than five years old. With such wonderful features, Facebook soon became one of the lethal tools of SMM and SMO. Businesses, especially small scale business houses started using the medium of Facebook to promote their brands and services. Setting up a business page and initiating and regulating interactions with the visitors are some of the strategies that business houses adhere to, in Facebook (Alba, 2003). 2.2 Popularity of Social Networking Sites in Developing Countries: The online penetration is just 3-4 per cent, and less than 1 per cent of our total population has a Facebook account. And the percentage of people using Twitter is even smaller. Mehra said that despite the percentages, developing countries like India were already the 5th largest consumer of Twitter in the world, owing largely to Bollywoods enthusiasm for it. And we are in the Top 10 list of consumers of Facebook. Rahul Mehta, the business head of Chings Secret, said, There are approximately 5 crore Indians and 1 crore NRIs online. Facebook alone has 1.2 crore Indians and 40 lakh NRIs. Mehta said the RoI on social media was substantially higher than what was offered by traditional media (Albrecht Adelman, 2007). These numbers are comparable to most national newspapers, Mehta said. Facebook is best place to reach Sec A+, A and B+. With internet penetration deepening, the numbers will rise in the next three to four years, he said. Chings Secret has 98,826 (and counting) fans on Faceboo k. Khushboo Maheshwari, the head (digital) of OMD, said, Today, 5% of Indian population has an online presence and it is growing at a rate of 35% CAGR. In other words, 50 million users have a presence on social media. And the numbers were growing, Maheshwari said. With the government planning to spend Rs18,000 crore over the next three years to lay a 5 lakh km optic fibre cable network to reach every gram panchayat, the growth rate is going to touch 100% CAGR, Maheshwari said. Mobile, web, and broadband will be critical to the growth in the coming years, Maheshwari said. Mihir Ferrao, who looks into Social Media Optimization and ORM at Starcom IP feels that Internet in India needs to grow by at least 20 to 25% year on year, to shake off the constant comparisons with TV and Print (Alkire, Collum, Kaswan, Love, 2008). He said, The only reason why we do not get a fare share of advertising budgets is because, next to the reach penetration of TV or Print, we are very small. But if we look at the concentration of brand TGs on TV Internet, then surely the Internet will have higher traction. Sagar Dhoke, the founder of Fun Element said that the e-revolution had helped to bridge the gap between the product and the end consumer, be it for a movie or an FMCG product. As for the group being targeted online by marketers, Ritesh Patel, the brand manager of CEAT, said, Social media has indeed proved to be a very useful medium for a brand like CEAT. He said that CEAT aspired to be a youthful brand and it finds complete match of TG in this medium (Arabie, 2004). 2.3 The Approach: Sandeep Singh, the business head of Quasar, said that promotional activities designed for online platforms could be a campaign lead in which the target audience is engaged for a specific purpose and for a short duration. Or, brands could choose a more strategic and long-term initiative. In a campaign lead, the idea is to use social media platforms to create a buzz and receive feedback from the community represented by the target audience, Singh said. Strategic initiatives involve the management of social presence from brands online-reputation standpoint, and the use of social platforms as a medium of continued dialogue with the prospects and customers. Singh said experience suggested that the one-size-fits-all approach did not work. Every product and campaign needs a different approach and activation strategy, he said (Bainbridge, Brent, Carley, Heise, Macy, Markovsky, Skvoretz, 1994). Maheshwari of OMD described one of the agencys typical media activities. Motilal Oswal Financial Services Limited has been quite active on the social media, Maheshwari said. We have uploaded Wealth Creation Study (WCS) Videos on You Tube and also created a Linked In event page for the WCS awards ceremony. Besides, we also have a scribed page where we have uploaded different annual WC Studies. The creation of Wikipedia pages on the Motilal Oswal Group, on Motilal Oswal and Raamdeo Agrawal had been completed, Maheshwari said. As a result of these activities, seven out of 10 results on Google are owned and controlled by Brand Motilal Oswal for the search Wealth Creation Study, Maheshwari said (Baker Hubert, 2001). Zapak has carried out several similar campaigns; Axe, Ponds, and Mahindra campaigns which used a mix of available options are among the most successful Zapak works. Mehra listed the focus areas: Fan pages and groups, gaming and other fun applications on platforms like Orkut and Facebook, an active handle on Twitter. Mehra said it was essential to link the APIs (application programming interface) like OpenID and Facebook Connect to ones site to promote easy communication and conversations (Barabasi, 2002). Chings Secret advertises regularly on Facebook and YouTube, the brands Mehta said. But a lot of traffic has been generated virally because of the content, quizzes, contests on Facebook. He said that in the end, social media was a long-term strategic investment. It is not brand building but genuine relationship creation and maintenance, he said. And like any relationship, it takes time to build. Describing the two aspects of promotion social applications and paid advertising -they use both options equally well. For Emotional Attyachar, social advertising was placed on Facebook and other sites. And we also released an application on Facebook, Mistry said. Applications turn on engagement to high levels, users get to communicate with the brand, and they understand the values of the shows. On the other hand, advertising draws people who are unexposed to the brand. So the two options serve different purposes and we use as much of both as they can (Barnlund Harland, 2005). Patel of CEAT said that any one people-engagement tactic would not work in isolation. If they create a fantastic social application and do not promote it, it will die a natural death owing to the lack of critical mass required to give it a viral effect. Similarly, only paid advertising will fail to generate brand interaction with consumers which is the essence of social media. Such a tactic would evoke the fee ling of a one-night stand and customer would probably not engage with the brand in question in the future. Starcom IPs Ferrao, also said that lots of their clients are slowly waking up to the fact that social media is a growing phenomena in India. Some of their clients whom they have brought onto the social space are Himalaya Herbal Tea and Foster, while they are enhancing the social presence of brands like Tata Teleservices and Pantaloons. The results they have got, in terms of fans on Facebook and followers on Twitter etc. have given the client reasons to be excited. And has initiated thoughts of how do they leverage these groups further (Bernard Killworth, 2003). 2.4 Pros and Cons: Every platform has certain advantages and disadvantages, so its a question any longer of them wanting to be on it or not. The advantages are varied: right from being able to monetize certain things to being able to put your content out there; to getting feedback from users. In the past, people could not connect to a brand on a one-on-one basis, but social media allowed that to happen. Most brands feel that going to SNS will put their brands up for public scrutiny, which is considered a disadvantage. But it is considering that to be an advantage because it gives them a good reality check to improve your product or service. But on this channel, Singh warned, one wrong step could snowball into something highly detrimental to ones brand, in matter of minutes. So they should learn to do it well than not doing it at all, as you cant run away from such platforms if their consumers are flocking them (Bonacich, 2002). They will have to embrace them today or tomorrow. SNS can definitely contri bute to making or breaking the brand image. Brands should be very cautious in venturing into SNS. While developing games for the brands, Dhoke suggests subtle branding techniques to his clients. Constant hammering of the product is a complete turn-off to the player and user, he said. Same applies to social applications and games. The app should highlight the main features of the app in a very exciting way rather than in the brochure style. Maheshwari endorsed Dhokes assertion about treading carefully. Yes, a single bad comment or rumor can severely damage the reputation that a brand like MOFSL has taken great pains to establish over the years, Maheshwari said. Also since SNS connect users from different parts of the world, it takes little to no time for bad news to spread. Patel strongly believes that a consumers negative feedback could be used to create customer delight. Today, more and more brands are engaging directly with consumers through various discussion forums, networking sites and forums to understand their expectations (Borgatti Everett, 1999) Ferrao of Starcom IP sees the clear advantage of social networking sites in the entire brand experience which one can bring to the consumer. He said, With Facebook and Twitter, you can communicate so many brand properties to those people who want to listen! he believes that by doing so, you know the effort is not going to waste and that your initiatives could actually lead to sales (Burt, 2008). 2.5 The Future: Patel also highlighted the fact that only a select age group was active in social media. While Youngistan is spending more time online, the older age group is not very active yet. Also, online options are more popular in metro and tier-II cities. Internet penetration is still an issue in rural India. But Dhoke sees things differently. Things will change in the next five to six years. When 3G is operational, the number of internet users will grow by about 25-35%. It is estimated that by 2013, India will have the third largest Internet user base. Singh goes a step further and says that as in the West, the audience is now online. When you refer to the audience, these are the guys with high disposable incomes and spending power. These guys are online for sure. And most brands are eying their wallets. If you talk about numbers, we still have some way to go to before the medium reaches the masses. The Indian audience was enjoying the internet and its offerings. Gaming is an offering that h as now become a passion among the youth (Carley Krackhardt, 1996). The online gaming industry is growing and how! Year-on-year, they are recording a rise in the number of gamers in the country. Zapak, which was started just three years ago, already had 7 million unique registered users, and continues to grow. Soon, there will be a day when the online Indian farmers on Farmville will outnumber all the real farmers of our country put together. Other than Twitter and Facebook, there are couples of other websites that have gained immense popularity. LinkdIn is a professional social media website where a stream of professional gets the chance to review and interact with their counterparts. With more than 50 lacs people registered with this site, LinkedIn offers a solid platform for establishing new business relationships. LinkdIn by facilitating more of a personal communication between the business professionals can help the business as a whole. MySpace also have a massive impact in the social networking world. Once registered with MySpace, a user can not only inform the entire networking circle about their likes and dislikes but can also submit videos. A lot of personal stuffs can also be added to the site, and an active mode of communication can be initiated. MySpace also helps in Social Media Marketing by enabling the businesses to create their own profile page and communities and develop interactive dialogues with targeted mass of people. This enables in building brand awareness and can be of immense help to small business houses. Social media and networking Sites have not only contributed to take inter-personal communication to a different level, but also have been a great marketing tool for the small businesses. Well planned approach to social media marketing via social networking sites can be of great help in promoting the business, create proper brand awareness and in the end, meet the ultimate business ends. A business house must have proper expertise and planning to approach in the network so as to reap the fruits of benefits to the very best (Cartwright Harary, 2007). 2.6 Spreading brand awareness: We all know word-of-mouth propagation is a great way of spreading your brand awareness. This is what social network can do. As soon as brand becomes recognizable to a large number of customers, they start discussion about the product. Maximum people who are satisfied with the product they often post their comments through these social networking, which encourage other customer to buy the product. Big companies create a blog in relation with the social network to give customer a wide area to discuss about product and give reviews. This way social network spread your brand awareness to millions of customer online (Cohen Prusak, 2001). 2.7 Engage customer interest: A social media website is ideally suited for product discussions, demonstrations, and showcasing of expertise and quality. Businesses can engage the interest of customers from a global market and build a powerful brand image. People will become fans of your website, product or business because they choose to; Make them feel comfortable with this decision by posting quality information. Talking about online business, social networking is a great opportunity to keep your site busy by attracting potential customer with well developed networking strategies. Organizations are already making use of new and creative way to utilize the massive popularity of various social media to promote their particular product. The additional benefit is the long-term impact on business revenue through brand management. Social media websites are just right for business marketers to spot potential customers (Eveland Bikson, 2007). But in order to get benefit from social networking, business owner should study to handle their social networking assets carefully. Most famous social networking sites like facebook, twitter and my space are the great for carrying your message to abroad. But new businesses must always remember that benefits from social networking solely include arduous work (Crane, 2009). 2.8 Summary: A social network is a social structure made up of individuals or organizations called nodes, which are connected by one or more specific types of mutuality, such as friendship, common interest, financial exchange, dislike relationships of beliefs, knowledge or prestige. It was initially intended to make friendship and stay connected with colleagues, but now days every businessman would have known how important social networking is for their business. Mainly online business has made social networking a priority as well. Premier Websites have made it possible for businesses to develop their contact lists, handle their relationships and created the ideas of viral marketing. It is because Shopping and social networking Web sites gather a lot of information about online users, and has become tremendously useful for companies to track and model consumer behavior. Businesses are looking to companies like Twitter, MySpace and Facebook to help companies to sell more products and services. Let s see how it makes an impact on your business in reality (Fararo Skvoretz, 2004). Chapter 3: Research Methodology Introduction: A research methodology enables the researcher to get the right direction in achieving the research aim and objectives. Therefore it is important for the researcher to understand the different research methods available and making the right selection of the appropriate research component to design the complete research methodology. This chapter provides the detailed explanation of the research methodology that has been used by the researcher for this particular research. The aim of this research is to analyze the impact of social networking website on brand promotion which requires a robust research methodology. Research Methodology: Before moving further, a research first needs to understand the difference between exploratory and explanatory research and make the appropriate selection between them. Exploratory research is useful where the research wants to conclude the research through in-depth and detailed discussion about the research objectives and findings of the research. On the other hand explanatory research is useful where the researcher conclude the research based on the key facts and using statistical measures without having in-depth discussions. Here the research wants to conduct the analyses to understand the impact of social networking websites on brand promotion therefore it requires statistical measures to conduct the impact analyses. Hence researcher has used explanatory research in this study. Research Design: There are the various authors who have provided the approach to design the suitable research methodology. However the most relevant research methodology design is given by Saunders et al (2003) by developing the research onion. Each layer of this research onion provided the research component and selecting the research components gives the complete design of the research. Research has used the research onion developed by Saunders et al (2003) for designing the research methodology. Description of selecting the research components by using research onion is provided in the following section. Research Approach: Research approach is chosen from the first layer of the research onion. A research can go for deductive, abductive or inductive research approach. In this research, researcher has used abductive research approach which enables the researcher to get the deeper understanding of research objective and need of correlating the literature with key findings of the research. Other research approaches such as inductive and deductive approach has been rejected by the research since both the approaches more focused towards the theoretical implications and less towards the practical implication of the research. Research Philosophy: Research can select the research philosophy by removing the second layer of the research onion. There are the two research philosophies such as positivism and interpretivism research philosophy. Interpretivism research philosophy is useful where the researcher interpret the study results using literature and less focused towards the practical implications of the research study. Since the research approach used by the researcher is abductive which requires the practical implication hence interpretivism research philosophy is irrelevant. In positivism research philosophy researcher only considers the practical implication along with the use of literature to be linked with research findings. Hence in this research, researcher has used the positivism research philosophy. Research Strategy: Research strategy can be chosen by removing third layer of the research onion. Research strategy enables the researcher to conduct the analysis and presenting the key findings of the research. In addition to this research decides on methods of data collection. A research can use survey questionnaire methods or face to face interview method to collect the data. It is essential to capture the views of marketing managers about the impact of social networking websites in brand promotion. Hence the research has used survey questionnaire method for collecting the data. Once the data is collected, a researcher needs to understand the way of conducting the analysis and presenting the data. In this research, research has used question by question analysis and drawn the conclusion. Research has used both the secondary and primary data in this research and method for each of type of data is described below: Data Collection Methodology: Secondary data is the data which is already existed in the published format. On the other hand primary data is the data which is not available and researcher collect the information using questionnaire method from the relevant respondents. In this study, researcher has collected both the secondary and primary data. The methodology description of collecting each type of data is provided below: Secondary Data: Secondary data in this research has been collected using various secondary sources such as academic journals which have been procured from the university library, books, news articles, web articles, company websites and general internet search. Secondary has been used to compile the literature in this research. Primary Data: In order to capture the view points of marketing managers towards the impact of social networking websites, the data has been collected using primary research. In primary research, researcher has prepared the quantitative questionnaire and administered the questionnaire using email. Others details of primary research is provided below. Target Respondents: Target respondents were marketing managers who must have knowledge about the social networking concepts and websites and responsible for preparing branding strategy for their companies. Sample Size: A total of 200 questionnaires were sent to the target respondents out of which 59 responses were received by the researcher. Therefore the total sample size of this study is 59. Sampling Methodology: Convenient sampling methodology has been used by the researcher for designing the samples in this study. In this research, the researcher already known to the screening and qualification criteria of the target respondents therefore the convenient sampling methodology is useful for this research study. Data Analysis: A researcher has used excel tool for analyzing the data. Each questionnaire responses are filled in Excel and developed a final data file. Researcher has used some basic statistical measures to analyze the data and key findings of the research has been presented using charts and graphs which have been prepared using Excel. Ethical Consideration Research Limitations: There are certain ethical issues that have been taken into consideration by the researcher. Researcher has followed the market research guidelines to meet the ethical challenges in this research such as disclosing the respondents names contact information as per the respondents consent, acknowledging the information sources, use of authenticated data sources and websites and meeting the university guidelines to avoid plagiarism. Some limitations faced by the researcher are access to the company information, coverage of sample size and reach out to the target respondents.